Monday, September 14, 2009

MP Unit5

Interrupts


Interrupts


Def:- An interrupt operation suspends execution of a program so that the system can take special action.The interrupt routine executes and normally returns control to the interrupted procedure, which then resumes execution.BIOS handles Int 00H-1FH, whereas DOS handles INT 20H-3FH.

Thursday, September 10, 2009

Viva Questions and Answers in MP I lab -1


VivA QuestionS and AnswerS in MP InterfacinG LaB - 1

1) What is MicroProcessor?
A:- A MicroProcessor is a multipurpose, programmable, clock-driven, register-based electronic device that reads binary instructions from a storage device called memory, accepts binary data as input and processes the data according to those instruction, and provides results as output.

2) What are the different types of Addressing Modes?
A: - There are 12 different types of Addressing Modes. They are:-
<1> Immediate:-The Immediate data is a part of instruction, and appears in the form of successive bytes.

<2> Direct:-A 16-bit memory address (offset) is directly specified in the instruction as a part of it.

<3> Register:-Data is stored in a register and it is referred using the particular register (except IP).

<4> Register Indirect:-The address of the memory location which contains data or operand is determined in an indirect way.

<5> Indexed:-offset of the operand is stored in one of the index registers.

<6> Register Relative:-The data is available at an effective address formed by adding an 8-bit or 16-bit displacement with the content of any one of the registers BX,BP,SI and DI in the default (either DS or ES) segment.

<7> Based Indexed:-The effective address of the data is formed, in this addressing mode, by adding content of a base register to the content of an index register.

<8> Relative Based Indexed:- The effective address is formed by adding an 8 or 16-bit displacement with the sum of contents of any one of the base registers and any one of the index registers, in the default segment.

<9> Intrasegment Direct Mode:-In this mode, the address to which the control is to be transferred lies in the segment in which the control transfer instruction lies and appears directly in the instruction as an immediate displacement value.

<10> Intrasegment Indirect Mode:-In this mode, the displacement to which the control is to be transferred, is in the same segment in which the control transfer instruction lies, but it is passed to the instruction indirectly.

<11> Intersegment Direct:-In this mode, the address to which the control is to be transferred is in a different segment.

<12> Intersegment Indirect:-In this mode, the address to which the control is to be transferred lies in a different segment and it is passed to the instruction indirectly sequentially.

3) What are the General Data Registers & their uses?
A: - The Registers AX, BX, CX, DX are the general Purpose 16-bit registers. AX register as 16-bit accumulator. BX register is used as an offset Storage. CX register is used as default or implied counter. DX register is used as an implicit operand or destination in case of a few instructions.

4) What are Segment Registers & their uses?
A:-There are 4 Segment Registers Code Segment (CS), Data Segment (DS), Extra Segment (ES) & Stack Segment (SS) registers. CS is used for addressing memory location in code. DS is used to points the data. ES refers to a segment which is essentially in another data segment. SS is used for addressing stack segment of memory.

5) What are Flag registers?
A:-Divided into 2 parts:-Condition code or status flags and machine control flags.
        S  -Sign Flag:-Is to set when the result of any computation is negative.
        Z  -Zero Flag:-Is to set if the result of the computation or comparision performed by the previous instruction is zero.
        C  -Carry Flag:-Is set when there is carry out of MSB in case of addition or a borrow in case of subtraction.
        T  -Trap Flag:-Is set, the processor enters the single step execution mode.
        I   -Interrupt Flag:-Is set, the mask able interrupts are recognized by the CPU.
        D  -Direction Flag:-Is set for Auto incrementing or Auto decrementing mode in string manipulation instructions.
       AC  -Auxiliary Carry Flag:-Is set if there is a carry from the lowest nibble during addition or borrow for the lowest nibble.
        O  -Overflow Flag:-Is set if the result of a signed operation is large enough to be accommodated in a destination register.

Viva Questions and Answers in MP InterfacinG {Micro Processor I} Lab -2



VivA QuestionS and AnswerS in MP And I LaB -2


6) What does the 8086 Architecture contain?
A:-The complete architecture of 8086 can be divided into 2types:-Bus Interface Unit (BIU) & Execution Unit.
      The BIU contains the circuit for physical address calculations and a pre coding instruction byte queue & it makes the bus signals available for external interfacing of the devices.
       The EU contains the register set of 8086 except segment registers and IP. It has a 16-bit ALU, able to perform arithmetic and Logic operations.

7) What are Data Copy/Transfer Instructions?
A: - Mov
      Push
      Pop
      Xchg
      In
     Out
     Xlat
     Lea
     Lds/Les
     Lahf
     Sahf
     Pushf
     Popf

8) What are Machine Control Instructions?
A: - Nop
      Hlt
      Wait
       Lock

9) What are Flag Manipulation Instructions?
A: - Cld
      Std
      Cli
      Sti

10) What are String Instructions?
A: - Rep
      MovSB/MovSW
      Cmps
      Scas
      Lods
      Stos











Viva Questions and Answers in MP AnD InterfacinG [Micro Processor I]Lab -3



VivA QuestionS and AnswerS in MP AnD I LaB - 3


11) What are different parts for 8086 architecture?
A:-The answer is in 6th.


A: - The complete architecture of 8086 can be divided into 2types:-Bus Interface Unit (BIU) & Execution Unit.
       The BIU contains the circuit for physical address calculations and a pre coding instruction byte queue & it makes the bus signals available for external interfacing of the devices.
       The EU contains the register set of 8086 except segment registers and IP. It has a 16-bit ALU, able to perform arithmetic and Logic operations.












Viva Questions and Answers for MP + InterfacinG Lab11 {NEW}



VivA QuestionS and AnswerS for MP * InterfacinG LaB 11 {NEW}

VivA QuestionS With Answers of MP[{(Microprocessor)}] AnD "InterfacinG" LaB



1. What is an Opcode?
A:-The part of the instruction that specifies the operation to be performed is called the Operation code or  Op code.

2. What is an Operand?
A:-The data on which the operation is to be performed is called as an Operand.

3.  Explain the difference between a JMP and CALL instruction?
A:-A JMP instruction permantely changes the program counter.
     A CALL instruction leaves information on the stack so that the original program execution sequence can be resumed.

4. What is meant by Polling?
A:- Polling or device Polling is a process which idenfies the device that has interrupted the microprocessor.

5. What is meant by Interrupt?
A:-Interrupt is an external signal that causes a microprocessor to jump to a specific subroutine.

6. What is an Instruction?
A:-An instruction is a binary pattern enetered through an input device to command the microprocessor to  perform that specific function.

7. What is Microcontroller and Microcomputer?
A:- Microcontroller is a device that includes microprocessor:memory and I/O signal lines on a single          chip, fabricated using VLSI technology.
      Microcomputer is a computer that is designed using microprocessor as its CPU.It includes                  microprocessor,memory and I/O.

8. What is Assembler?
A:-The assembler translates the assembly language program text which is given as input to the assembler to     their binary equivalents known as object code.
     The time required to translate the assembly code to object code is called access time.The assembler       checks for syntax errors&displays them before giving the object code.

9. Define Variable?
A:-A Variable is an identifier that is associated with the first byte of data item.

10. Explain Dup?
A:-The DUP directive can be used to initialize several location & to assign values to these locations.

11. Define Pipelining?
A:-In 8086,to speedup the execution program,the instructions fetching and execution of instructions are          overlapped each other.This is known as Pipelining.

12.What is the use of HLDA?
A:-HLDA is the acknowledgment signal for HOLD. It indicates whether the HOLD signal is received or not. 
     HOLD and HLDA are used as the control signals for DMA operations.

13. Explain about "LEA"?
A:-LEA(Load Effective Address) is used for initializing a register with an offset address.
      A common use for LEA is to intialize an offset in BX, DI or SI for indexing an address in memory.
      An equivalent operation to LEA is MOV with the OFFSET operator, which generates slightly shorter              machine code.

14. Difference between "Shift" and "Rotate".
A:-Shift and Rotate commands are used to convert a number to another form where some bits are shifted or    rotated.
     A rotate instruction is a closed loop instruction.That is,the data moved out at one end is put back in at the other end.
     The shift instruction loses the data that is moved out of the last bit locations.
     Basic difference between shift and rotate is shift command makes "fall of " bits at the end of the register.
     Where rotate command makes "wrap around" at the end of the register.

15. Explain about .MODEL SMALL?
A:- .MODEL directive:-This simplified segment directive creates default segments and the required                 ASSUME and GROUP statements.

      Its format is .MODEL memory-model.The following are the memry models
           Tiny:-Code and data in one segment, for .COM programs.
           Small:-Code in one segment (<=64K), data in one segment (<=64K). It generates 16-bit offset    addresses.
           Medium:-Any number of code segments, data in one segment (<=64K).
           Compact:-Code in one segment (<=64K), any number of data segments. It generates 32-bit               addresses, which require more time for execution.
           Large:-Code and data both in any number of segments, no array >64K.
           Huge:-Code and data both in any number of segments, arrays may be >64K.
           Flat:-Defines one area upto 4 gigabytes for both code and data.It is unsegmented.The program uses     32-bit addressing and runs under Windows in protected mode.

16. Difference between JMP and JNC?
A:-JMP is Unconditional Branch.
     JNC is Conditional Branch.

17. List the String Manipulation Commands?
A:-REP=Repeat.
     MOVS=Move Byte/Word
     CMPS=Compare Byte/Word
     SCAS=Scan Byte/Word
     LODS=Load byte/Wd to AL/AX
     STOS=Stor Byte/Wd from AL/A

18. What are the 4 Segments?
A:-Code Segment Register {CS}
     Data Segment Register {DS}
     Extra Segment Register {ES}
     Stack Segment Register{SS}

19.What is the main use of ready pin?
A:-READY is used by the microprocessor to check whether a peripheral is ready to accept or transfer       data.
      A peripheral may be a LCD display or analog to digital converter or any other.
       These peripherals are connected to microprocessor using the READY pin.
          If READY is high then the periphery is ready for data transfer. If not the microprocessor waits until             READY goes high.

20.Explain about Direction Flag?
A:-This is used by string manipulation instructions.
      If this flag bit is 0 , the string is processed beginning from the lowest to the highest                                           address,i.e.,.Autoincrement mode.
     Otherwise,the string is processed from the highest towards the lowest address,i.e.,.Autodecrementing               mode.




MP Unit5

Interrupts


Interrupts


Def:- An interrupt operation suspends execution of a program so that the system can take special action.The interrupt routine executes and normally returns control to the interrupted procedure, which then resumes execution.BIOS handles Int 00H-1FH, whereas DOS handles INT 20H-3FH.









Here is the Viva questions and answers for mp lab. Nearly 277 questions and answers are posted.
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Tuesday, August 25, 2009

STM

"SoftwarE TestinG MethodlogieS"

IQ

STM[SoftwarE TestinG MethodlogieS] I QuestionS-

STM IQ


1) What is meant by Statement Coverage (C1) and Branch Coverage (C2)?Explain with an example,how to Select enough
Paths to achieve C1+C2?


2) Categorize different kinds of Loops and Explain.

(OR)

What are the different kinds of Loops?


3) How to select Optimal Paths for C1+C2(Statement coverage Paths+Branch Coverage paths) for given Flow Graph?


Saturday, August 22, 2009

STM("SoftwarE TestinG MethodlogieS") Important Questions


STM[SoftwarE TestinG MethodlogieS] I QuestionS-

STM IQ


1) What is meant by Statement Coverage (C1) and Branch Coverage (C2)?Explain with an example,how to Select enough
Paths to achieve C1+C2?


2) Categorize different kinds of Loops and Explain.

(OR)

What are the different kinds of Loops?


3) How to select Optimal Paths for C1+C2(Statement coverage Paths+Branch Coverage paths) for given Flow Graph?




Thursday, August 20, 2009

Important Questions for FLAT

FLAT(Formal Languages AnD Automata Theory)


Important questions of FLAT subject from the previous all in one.
To download the previous important questions of Flat subject.
Click the below download links depending on your connection speed.



Wednesday, August 19, 2009

VivA QuestionS iN MP i LaB


To download the important questions of 32 MP Viva Questions subject.

Click the below download link

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Here is the Viva questions and answers for mp lab. Nearly 277 questions are posted.
Check the Website www.study3-1engg.blogspot.com Thoroughly.

Click the below download links depending on your connection speed.




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Micro Processor & InterfacinG StudY MateriaL

&

VivA QuestionS iN MP i LaB


MicroProcessor AnD InterfacinG -



MicroProcessor:-
def:-A MicroProcessor is a multipurpose,programmable,clock-driven,register-based electronic device       that reads binary instructions from a storage device called memory,accepts binary data as input and processes the data according to those instruction,and provides results as output.


MP Unit5

Interrupts



Interrupts


Def:- An interrupt operation suspends execution of a program so that the system can take special action.The interrupt routine executes and normally returns control to the interrupted procedure, which then resumes execution.BIOS handles Int 00H-1FH, whereas DOS handles INT 20H-3FH.



Viva questions for MicroProcessor AnD InterfacinG lab



VivA QuestionS for MP I LaB


1) What is MicroProcessor?
2) What are the different types of Addressing Modes?
3) What are the General Data Registers & their uses?
4) What are Segment Registers & their uses?
5) What are Flag Registers?
6) What does the 8086 Architecture contain?
7) What are Data Copy/Transfer Instructions?
8) What are Machine Control Instructions?
9) What are Flag Manipulation Instructions?
10) What are String Instructions?
11) What are different parts for 8086 architecture?
12) What are Interrupts?
13) What is an Opcode?
14) What is an Operand?
15) Explain the difference between a JMP and CALL instruction?
16) What is meant by Polling?
17) What is meant by Interrupt?
18) What is an Instruction?
19) What is Microcontroller and Microcomputer?
20) What is Assembler?
21) Define Variable?
22) Explain Dup?
23) Define Pipelining?
24) What is the use of HLDA?
25) Explain about "LEA"?
26) Difference between "Shift" and "Rotate".
27) Explain about .MODEL SMALL?
28) Difference between JMP and JNC?
29) List the String Manipulation Commands?
30) What are the 4 Segments?
31) What is the main use of ready pin?
32) Explain about Direction Flag?


More Questions are provided below. Answers will be posted soon.


VivA QuestionS for InternalS & Es MP LaB

1) What is MicroProcessor?
2) What is Assembly?                                                              
3) What is Assembly Language?                                               
4) What is Assembly Language Program?                                           
5) What is Register?                                                                 
6) What is Data segment Register?                                                     
7) What is Load Effective Address?
8) What is Model in the program?
9) What is Stack in the program?                                                        
10) What is DB in the program?
11) What is Dup (?) in the program?
12) What is @data in the program?
13) What is INT 03 in the program?
14) What is g in the output of the program?
15) What is d in the output of the program?
16) What is DW in the program?
17) What is DD in the program?
18) What is CX register in the program of the loops?
19) What is CLC in the program?
20) What is INC?
21) What is ADC?
22) What is SBB?
23) What is CMP?
24) What is JC?
25) What is XCHG?
26) What is DEC?
27) What is JNZ?
28) What is XOR?
29) What is the use of XOR?
30) What is RCR?
31) What is JNC?
32) What is IDIV?
33) What is RCL?
34) What is AAA?
35) What is AAS?
36) What is DAA?
37) What is DAS?
38) What is DEC?
39) What is CMPSB?
40) What is CMPS?
41) What is INT 21 in the program?




OtheR QuestionS

1) How many bit 8086 microprocessor is?
2) What is the size of data bus of 8086?
3) What is the size of address bus of 8086?
4) What is the max memory addressing capacity of 8086?
5) Which are the basic parts of 8086?
6) What are the functions of BIU?
7) What are the functions of EU?
8) How many pin IC 8086 is?
9) What IC 8086 is?
10) What is the size of instruction queue in 8086?
11) What is the size of instruction queue in 8088?
12) Which are the registers present in 8086?
13) What do you mean by pipelining in 8086?
14) How many 16 bit registers are available in 8086?
15) Specify addressing modes for any instruction?
16) What do you mean by assembler directives?
17) What .model small stands for?
18) What is the supply requirement of 8086?
19) What is the relation between 8086 processor frequency & crystal frequency?
20) Functions of Accumulator or AX register?
21) Functions of BX register?
22) Functions of CX register?
23) Functions of DX register?
24) How Physical address is generated?
25) Which are pointers present in this 8086?
26) Which is by default pointer for CS/ES?
27) How many segments present in it?
28) What is the size of each segment?
29) Basic difference between 8085 and 8086?
30) Which operations are not available in 8085?
31) What are the flags in 8086?
32) What are the various interrupts in 8086?
33) What is meant by Mask able interrupts?
34) What is Non-Mask able interrupts?
35) Which interrupts are generally used for critical events?
36) Give examples for Mask able interrupts?
37) Give example for Non-Mask able interrupts?
38) What is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086?
39) What are the various segments registers in 8086?
40) Which Stack is used in 8086?
41) What are the address lines for the software interrupts?
42) What are SIM and RIM instructions?
43) Which is the tool used to connect the user and the computer?
44) What is the position of the Stack Pointer after the PUSH instruction?
45) What is the position of the Stack Pointer after the POP instruction?
46) Logic calculations are done in which type of registers?
47) What are the different functional units in 8086?
48) Give examples for Micro controller?
49) What is meant by cross-compiler?
50) What are the address lines for the hardware interrupts?
51) Which Segment is used to store interrupt and subroutine return address registers?
52) Which Flags can be set or reset by the programmer and also used to control the operation of the processor?
53) What does EU do?
54) Which microprocessor accepts the program written for 8086 without any changes?
55) What is the difference between 8086 and 8088?
56) What is the difference between min mode and max mode of 8086?
57) What is the difference between near and far procedure?
58) What is the difference between Macro and procedure?
59) What is the difference between instructions RET & IRET?
60) What is the difference between instructions MUL & IMUL?
61) What is the difference between instructions DIV & IDIV?
62) What is difference between shifts and rotate instructions?
63) Which are strings related instructions?
64) Which are addressing modes and their examples in 8086?
65) What does u mean by directives?
66) What does u mean by Prefix?
67) What .model small means?
68) Difference between small, medium, tiny, huge?
69) What is dd, dw, db?
70) Interrupts in 8086 and there function.
71) What is the function of INT 01h of INT 21h?
72) What is the function of INT 02h of INT 21h?
73) What is the function of INT 09h of INT 21h?
74) What is the function of INT 0Ah of INT 21h?
75) What is the function of INT 4ch of INT 21h?
76) What is the reset address of 8086?
77) What is the size of flag register in 8086? Explain all.
78) What is the difference between INT 08H and INT 01H functions of INT 21H?
79) Which is faster- Reading word size data whose starting address is at even or at odd address of memory in 8086?
80) Which are the default segment bases: offset pairs?
81) Can we use SP as offset address holder with CS?
82) Which are the bases registers in 8086?
83) Which is the index registers in 8086?
84) What do you mean by segment override prefix?
85) Whether micro reduces memory requirements?
86) What do you mean by macro?
87) What is diff between macro and procedure?
88) Types of procedure?
89) What TASM is?
90) What TLINK is?
91) What TD is?
92) What does u mean by assembler?
93) What does u mean by linker?
94) What does u mean by loader?
95) What does u mean by compiler?
96) What does u mean by emulator?
97) Stack related instruction?
98) .Stack 100 means?
99) What do you mean by 20 dup (0)?
100) Which flags of 8086 are not present in 8085?
101) What is the size of flag register?
102) Can you perform 32 bit operation with 8086? How?
103) Whether 8086 is compatible with Pentium processor?
104) What is 8087? How it is different from 8086?
105) While accepting no. from user why u need to subtract 30 from that?
106) While displaying no. from user why u need to add 30 to that?
107) What are ASCII codes for nos. 0 to F?
108) How does U differentiate between positive and negative numbers?
109) What is range for these numbers?
110) Which no. representation system you have used?
111) What is LEA?
112) What is @data indicates in instruction- MOV ax, @data?
113) What is maximum size of the instruction in 8086?
114) Why we indicate FF as 0FF in program?
115) What is MUL BX and DIV BX? Where result goes?
116) Where queue is present?
117) What is the advantage of using internal registers?
118) What is SI, DI and their functions?
119) Which are the pointers used in 8086 and their functions?
120) What is a type of queue in 8086?
121) What is minimum mode of 8086?
122) What is maximum mode of 8086?
123) Which are string instructions?
124) In string operations which is by default string source pointer?
125) In string operations which is by default string destination pointer?




PROGRAMS:


1) What do you mean by assembler?
2) What do you mean by linker?
3) What do you mean by debugger?
4) What do you mean by compiler?
5) What do you mean by locator?
6) What do you mean by emulator?
7) When divide overflow error occurs?
8) What .startup stands for?
9) Explain the logic of array addition program.
10) Explain the logic of finding out negative nos. from an array of signed nos.
11) Explain the logic of code conversion (BCD to hex and hex to BCD) program.
12) Explain the logic of multiplication (by successive addition and shift and add method) program.
13) Explain the logic of non overlap and overlap block transfer program
14) Explain the logic of string related programs.
15) Which assembler directives are used with near procedure?
16) Which assembler directives are used with far procedure?




80386 (microprocessor):


1) What IC 80386 is?
2) How many pin IC 80836 is?
3) 80386 is how many bit processors?
4) What is the size of instruction queue in 80386?




INTERRUPTS:


1) What do you mean by interrupt?
2) Which are the hardware and software interrupts in 8086?
3) Mention the priority of interrupts in8086.
4) What is int1, int2, int3?
5) What do you mean by NMI interrupt?
6) What do you mean by IVT in 8086?
7) What is the size of IVT?
8) Where IVT is located?
9) Which steps 8086 follows to handle any interrupt?




INTERFACING:


1) What are the types of interfacing?
2) Compare memory interfacing and IO interfacing.
3) What are the types of IO interfacing?
4) What is the difference between direct and indirect IO interfacing?
5) What is the difference between memories mapped IO and IO mapped IO interfacing?




8255 (programmable peripheral interface):


1) What IC 8255 is?
2) How many pin IC 8255 is?
3) Explain control word format of 8255.




126) What is segmentation?
127) How many bit processors does 8086?
128) How many address lines in 8086
129) How many data lines in 8086?
130) Multiplexed lines in 8086?
131) Describe flags-over flow flag, interrupt flag, direction flag and trap flag?
132) What is the role of pointers?
133) How 16 bit processor generates 20 bit addresses?
134) Instructions set of 8086?
135) Timing diagram of 8086?
136) Min/Max mode working of 8086?
137) Pin difference in min/max mode?
138) Interrupt structure in 8086?
139) How an interrupt is acknowledged?
140) How the cs : ip is working during interrupt?
141) New cs : ip during interrupt?
142) How the even odd addresses are assigned through 8086?



Interview Questions:


1.      What is a Microprocessor?
2.      Give examples for 8 / 16 / 32 bit Microprocessor?
3.      Why 8085 processor is called an 8 bit processor?
4.      What is 1st / 2nd / 3rd / 4th generation processor?
5.      Define HCMOS?
6.      What does microprocessor speed depend on?
7.      Is the address bus unidirectional?
8.      Is the data bus is Bi-directional?
9.      What is the disadvantage of microprocessor?
10.   What is the difference between microprocessor and microcontroller?
11.   What is meant by LATCH?
12.   Why does microprocessor contain ROM chips?
13.   What is the difference between primary & secondary storage device?
14.   Difference between static and dynamic RAM?
15.   What is interrupt?
16.   What is cache memory?
17.   What is called .Scratch pad of computer?
18.   Which transistor is used in each cell of EPROM?
19.   Differentiate between RAM and ROM?
20.   What is a compiler?
21.   Which processor structure is pipelined?
22.   What is flag?
23.   What is stack?
24.   Can ROM be used as stack?
25.   What is NV-RAM?








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